Kazakhstan’s Jewel and a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Altyn-Emel National Park is not just a reserve; it’s a unique natural sanctuary located in the Ili River valley (Almaty region), where desert, mountain, and river landscapes converge. Established in 1996, the park received international status as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2017, confirming its exceptional global value.
Altyn-Emel (meaning “Golden Saddle”) is a mandatory destination for adventure seekers, photographers, and anyone looking to witness geological wonders.
Main Attractions: The Three Wonders of Altyn-Emel
The park covers an area of over 300,000 hectares and is famous for its contrasting routes. A minimum of two days is required for a comprehensive experience.
The Singing Dune — The Park’s Icon
What It Is: A giant sand dune, reaching 150 meters (492 ft) high and over 3 km (1.8 miles) long. It is considered one of the Seven Wonders of Kazakhstan.
The Phenomenon: In dry weather, when the wind blows sand off the ridge, or when a person walks down its slope, the dune emits a low hum, reminiscent of organ music or a jet engine’s roar.
The sound is best heard in dry conditions with strong wind. Climbing to the top takes about an hour and requires good physical fitness.
The Multi-Colored Aktau Mountains (“White Mountains”)
What It Is: A unique open-air geological museum. Aktau is formed of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (around 400 million years old) and represents the floor of an ancient ocean.
Unique Feature: The landscape resembles a lunar surface. The mountains shimmer with every color—from white and red to yellow, pink, and purple—due to deposits of chalk, gypsum, and clay.
Archaeology: The area is famed for its paleontological finds.
The Katutau Mountains (“Harsh/Solid Mountains”)
What It Is: Volcanic rock formations, sculpted by solidified lava from a large extinct volcano.
The Contrast: Katutau is situated close to Aktau but contrasts sharply in color and form: it features dark, jagged, “harsh” rocks created by millennia of erosion.
Unique Fauna and Historical Heritage
Altyn-Emel is a key center for the conservation of rare animal species.
The Return of the Kulans: A successful program for the reintroduction of wild animals is underway here. Visitors can spot herds of Kulans (Asian Wild Ass), Goitered Gazelles (Dzheyran), and Argali (mountain sheep).
Historical Monuments:
Besshatyr Burial Mounds: A complex of Saka royal burial mounds from the 7th–3rd centuries BC—a profound legacy of the great nomads.
Kosbastau Oasis: A site featuring a 700-year-old willow (a natural monument) and warm radon springs.
Planning Your Tour from Almaty
The park is located approximately 200 km (125 miles) northeast of Almaty. Traveling within the park comes with specific requirements:
Transport — 4×4 Only: The roads inside the park are predominantly unpaved dirt tracks. A reliable 4×4 vehicle (SUV/Jeep) is essential for comfort, safety, and navigating sandy sections.
